![]() Together, the three nations became known as the Axis Powers. ![]() Soon after the Spanish Civil War began, Hitler and Mussolini pledged to cooperate on several international issues, and Japan aligned itself with Germany and Italy. Franco’s forces eventually won the civil war, and Franco became the leader of Spain until his death in 1975. It greatly contributed to growing tensions in Europe, and to the fear that another world war was coming. The Spanish Civil War was widely portrayed as the first clash between the forces of fascism and the forces of western democracy. On the other side were the Republicans, supported both by the Soviet Union, and by thousands of volunteers from Europe and the United States who went to Spain to fight against Franco. On one side were the rebel Nationalists led by General Franco and supported by Germany and Italy. In 1936 another conflict began, this time in Europe, when the Spanish Civil War erupted. The 1936 act was far more likely to hurt Italy than Abyssinia, which would not have been able to borrow much money anyway. Knowing that the American people and Congress would not support action to stop Italy, Roosevelt supported the passage of a new law, the Neutrality Act of 1936, which extended the ban on arms sales imposed by the Neutrality Act of 1935, and also banned loans to nations at war. The war was short, the Abyssinian forces were no match for the Italian troops, and the emperor, Haile Selassie was forced into exile. In October 1935, as part of his dream of building a new Roman empire, Mussolini ordered the Italian military to invade Ethiopia, then known as Abyssinia. This legislation-reflecting a response to the Nye report-made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war. In response to growing Italian and German aggression in Europe, Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935. Even more Americans turned toward isolationism. The Nye Committee report documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war and created the impression that these businesses influenced the decision to go to war. Nye held hearings to investigate these allegations. Meanwhile, accusations emerged that arms manufacturers had tricked the United States into entering World War I. ![]() In response, many Americans once again began supporting isolationism and trying to avoid involvement in international conflicts. In addition, during the Depression, most European nations announced they would no longer repay their war debts to the United States. The sacrifices they had made during World War I seemed pointless. The rise of dictatorships and militarism in Europe discouraged many Americans. Why did many Americans support isolationism? Why did President Roosevelt support internationalism? The attack on Pearl Harbor convinced the United States to declare war. Although Americans wanted to avoid fighting in another foreign war, they sent aid when their allies were threatened.
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